Shocks are sudden, disruptive events that threaten or impact the County’s immediate well-being. These can include earthquakes, wildfires, landslides, public health emergencies, civil unrest, acts of terrorism, chemical spills, financial crises, extreme heat, flooding, and infrastructure outages or failures. Stresses are chronic, long-term challenges that weaken the County’s natural, built, economic, and social systems, including the capacity of its workforce and communities to respond and adapt. These include inequities in income, health, and education, crime and violence, homelessness, economic instability, lack of affordable housing, food insecurity, climate change, air pollution, and the heat island effect.